Magnitude 0f Anemia, Its Morphologic Characteristics and Associated Factors among Patients Admitted To Ambo University Referal Hospital, Medicalward, and Ambo Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Anemia is one of the most common comorbidities frequently seen in admitted patients. Admitted patients with severe anemia are at increased morbidity, mortality, as well as length of hospital stay. Despite this there is limited research on prevalence, the morphologic characteristics and associated factors of anemia among hospitalized patients in west shoa, Ambo, specifically Ambo university referral hospital. Determining the magnitude, morphologic characteristics and associated factors of anemia can provide valuable insights into the underlying etiology and guide appropriate management strategies. Objective: To assess "the magnitude of anemia, its morphologic characteristics and associated factors among Adult patients admitted to Ambo university referral hospital, medical ward, 2024. Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 randomly selected Admitted adult patients to Ambo university referral hospital, medical ward. Data were collected from patient chart using structured check list. After data cleaning, coding and verification, then, data were entered into EPI info version 3.5.3 and then transferred to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Frequency, percentages, tables, and figures were used to describe categorical variables. Bivariable logistic regression analysis was employed, and the Crude Odds Ratio (COR) with 95% CI was computed to analyze the relationship between each independent variable and the outcome variable. Variables with p-values less than 0.25 were included for multivariable logistic regression analysis. The level of statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05 Results. The overall Magnitude of anemia among admitted patients was 46.1 %(95% CI=40%,50%) .Mild, moderate and severe anemia accounted for 17.9%, 22.5% and 5.7% respectively. Morphologic classification of anemia demonstrated, 38.2% were normocytic normochromic 6.7%, were microcytic hypochromic and 1.78% was macrocytic normochromic anemia. Admitted patients with a diagnosis of CKD were 8.79 times more odd to develop anemia than who didn’t had CKD (AOR = 8.79, 95% CI = 3.17-24.33(P=0.00). Patients admitted with TB were 3.62 times more odd (AOR=3.62, 95%CI=1.70-7.66(P=0.001) to develop anemia than those who did not had TB. Patients in age group 45-54 had 64% decrease in odd of anemia than other age group (AOR=0.36, 95%CI=0.13-0.95(P=0.04) Conclusion. In our study the magnitude of anemia among admitted patients was severe significant health problem. Indicating a need for routine screening for all admitted patients. But special attention has to be given to a patient who having, CKD and Tuberculosis