The Role of Religious Institutions in Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding: The Case of Ambo Town

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of religious institutions in conflict resolution and peacebuilding in the case of Ambo town, particularly by focusing on Orthodox, Protestant, Muslim, Waaqeffannaa, and Adventist religious institutions. To meet this objective, a qualitative research approach was employed with a case study research design. In this study, both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected through interviews and observation, while secondary data was collected by analysing religious holy books, manuals, and publications. By using the non-probability sampling technique, 19 key informants were selected purposively from religious institutions and Ambo town administration. The collected data was analysed qualitatively by the thematic data analysis technique. The collected data was triangulated to ensure validity, reliability and to minimize subjective bias. The study finding revealed that conflict in Ambo town arises from multiple factors, including the politicization of ethnic identity, corruption, power contests among religious stakeholders, the emergence of religious sects and separation, resources, a lack of tolerance, polygamy, land boundaries, and intoxication. Moreover, the study identified the types of conflicts addressed by religious institutions, encompassing interpersonal, intra family, inter-family, and politically-induced conflicts. The study has also investigated the mechanisms religious institutions employ to resolve conflict and restore peace, such as teaching and counseling, forgiveness, negotiation, mediation, punishment, and gaaddisa qabuu mechanisms. Regarding the role and actors of religious institutions in conflict resolution and peacebuilding, there are established bodies like community elders, elders of the church, religious leaders, clergy, and the inter-religious council. Furthermore, the study finding identified the importance of religious institutions in conflict resolution and peacebuilding, and the challenges they face. Finally, the study suggested several recommendations for religious institutions, their stakeholders, and the Ambo town administration on what they should undertake in order to address conflict and ensure peace.