Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes And Its Predictors Among Tuberculosis Patients At Public Health Facilities In Ambo Town, Ethiopia, 2023

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis continues to be a major global public health issue in many developing countries, including Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Ethiopia. It is the leading infectious agent-related cause of death, surpassing HIV/AIDS. Despite significant efforts, Ethiopia remains one of the countries with the highest TB burden. One method of TB control measures is to evaluate the outcome of TB treatment. Objective: - To assess the status of Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and its predictors among Tuberculosis patients at Public health facilities in Ambo Town, Ethiopia, 2023. Methods: Facility based retrospective cohort study design was conducted among 456 Tuberculosis patients document with known treatment outcome was included in the study. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the document of TB patients who were registered in the public health facilities from 2016 to 2021. Data abstraction checklist was used to collect data. Epi-data version 3.1 was used to enter the collected data and exported to SPSS Version 20 analyzed. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were done and displayed in the form of texts, tables and figures. All independent variables with p-value < 0.25 in the bi-variable logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI and a p-value of < 0.05 was used to declare the statistical significance. Results: - A total of 456 TB patients were involved in the study making a response rate of 90.8%. The finding of the study indicated that about 134 (29.4%) and 279 (61.2%) were cured and treatment complete respectively and the rest 0.4% had failed treatment, 6.1% dead, 1.3% lost to follow up, 0.2% moved to DR-TB and 1.3% were not evaluated. The overall treatment success rate was 90.6% at (95% CI: 87.037-93.348). In this study, age range from 15-24 years at (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.034-0.868), patients who were sero-positive and ART initiated (AOR = 7.004; 95% CI: 3.182-12.415) and patients who were sputum smear result positive for smear +ve TB at 2nd month at (AOR = 2.634; 95% CI: 1.424- 4.052) were independently predictors of TB treatment outcomes. Conclusion: - The overall treatment success rate was satisfactory when compared to the National annual Performance report 2015 EFY and the global milestone target for 2030. This achievement should be held maintained and enhanced further by developing effective monitoring systems and educating patients about medication adherence. Age range from 15 - 24 years, being HIV test positive and ART initiated and sputum smear result positive for smear +ve TB at 2nd month were significantly predictors of TB treatment outcome