Abstract:
Background: Tuberculosis continues to be a major global public health issue in many developing
countries, including Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Ethiopia. It is the leading infectious agent-related
cause of death, surpassing HIV/AIDS. Despite significant efforts, Ethiopia remains one of the
countries with the highest TB burden. One method of TB control measures is to evaluate the outcome
of TB treatment.
Objective: - To assess the status of Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and its predictors among
Tuberculosis patients at Public health facilities in Ambo Town, Ethiopia, 2023.
Methods: Facility based retrospective cohort study design was conducted among 456 Tuberculosis
patients document with known treatment outcome was included in the study. A systematic random
sampling technique was used to select the document of TB patients who were registered in the public
health facilities from 2016 to 2021. Data abstraction checklist was used to collect data. Epi-data
version 3.1 was used to enter the collected data and exported to SPSS Version 20 analyzed.
Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were done and displayed in the form of texts, tables and
figures. All independent variables with p-value < 0.25 in the bi-variable logistic regression analysis
were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI and
a p-value of < 0.05 was used to declare the statistical significance.
Results: - A total of 456 TB patients were involved in the study making a response rate of 90.8%. The
finding of the study indicated that about 134 (29.4%) and 279 (61.2%) were cured and treatment
complete respectively and the rest 0.4% had failed treatment, 6.1% dead, 1.3% lost to follow up, 0.2%
moved to DR-TB and 1.3% were not evaluated. The overall treatment success rate was 90.6% at (95%
CI: 87.037-93.348). In this study, age range from 15-24 years at (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.034-0.868),
patients who were sero-positive and ART initiated (AOR = 7.004; 95% CI: 3.182-12.415) and patients
who were sputum smear result positive for smear +ve TB at 2nd month at (AOR = 2.634; 95% CI:
1.424- 4.052) were independently predictors of TB treatment outcomes.
Conclusion: - The overall treatment success rate was satisfactory when compared to the National
annual Performance report 2015 EFY and the global milestone target for 2030. This achievement
should be held maintained and enhanced further by developing effective monitoring systems and
educating patients about medication adherence. Age range from 15 - 24 years, being HIV test positive
and ART initiated and sputum smear result positive for smear +ve TB at 2nd month were significantly
predictors of TB treatment outcome
