Determinants of Hypertension among Adult Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Ambo Town Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case Control Study

Abstract

Background:-The coexistence of hypertension and diabetic mellitus is a worldwide public health problem causing significant morbidity, mortality and decreased quality of life commonly in developing countries including Ethiopia. Even though determinants of hypertension were delved by some researchers in Ethiopia they failed to include many potential variables which have significant effect on hypertension.so this study bridge this gap. Objective: This study was aimed to identify determinants of hypertension among people with diabetes attending chronic follow-up clinics in Ambo town public hospitals, West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023. Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 275 study participants (137 cases and 138 controls) from May, 1 to June, 30, 2023, in Ambo town public hospitals. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected by using adapted interviewer-administered questionnaires, physical measurements, and data extraction checklist. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to compute frequency, percentage and mean depending on the nature of variables. A bivariable logistic regression analysis was done to select candidate variables at p-value < 0.25 for the final model then multivariable logistic regression was used to identify variables having significant association at p-value < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 275 diabetic individuals (137 cases and 138 controls) were included in this study yielding a response rate of 98.9%. The mean age (± Standard deviation) for the controls and cases were 44.18 (SD: ± 14.036) and 57.58 (SD: ± 11.934) respectively. Being in age group 41-60 years [AOR=8.575; 95 % CI: 2.25 – 32.66], having moderate stress [AOR = 6.00; 95 % CI: 1.59 – 22.52], low medication adherence [AOR = 11.02; 95 % CI: 2.44 – 49.65], not having regular physician visit [AOR= 2.8; 95% CI: 1.103 – 7.816], longer duration of diabetes [AOR= 4.93; 95% CI: 1.11 – 21.86] and poor glycemic control[AOR=3.44; 95% CI: (1.21 – 9.75] were the significant determinants of hypertension among many in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: In this study, age, physical inactivity, stress, family history of hypertension, not having regular visit, longer duration of diabetes, overweight, non-adherence to medication and poor glycemic control were identified as determinants of hypertension in diabetes clients.