Dietary Practice and Associated Factors Among Type 2 DM Patients Attending Chronic Follow-up West Shewa Zone public Hospitals, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is affecting numerous Ethiopian populations regardless of environmental and social status. Dietary management is considered to be one of the cornerstones of diabetes care as it is an important component of the overall treatment plan. Choosing and relaying on healthy diet is important for everyone, especially for people with diabetes. Objective: This study aims to assess dietary practices and associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients in west Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia 2022. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study design was conducted among 421 study participants. The study was conducted in West Shewa zone public hospitals. Systematically selected type 2 diabetic patients who came for follow up during the study period were included in the study. A structured and pre- tested interview questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data was checked; coded and entered to epi data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 23.0 for analysis. All variables with p-value <0.25 in bi-variable logistic regression analysis was entered to multi-variable logistic regression to examine the statistical association between the outcome variable and selected independent variables. p value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results were presented using tables, figures and texts. Result: In this study about 35.6% (95% CI (30.9-39.9) of type 2 diabetes patients had good dietary practice. Good knowledge regarding Diabetes Mellitus (AOR9.2;95%CI 4.4-19.4), Food secured household (AOR 3.3;95% CI 1.6- 6.9), high self-efficacy (AOR 6.6;95% CI 3.2-13.9), information on diabetes diet from health professionals (AOR 2.9;95% CI 1.3-6.4), complete dietary change (AOR=2.3;95%CI 1.1-4.8), female gender (AOR3.6;95% CI 1.6-8.1) are independent predictors for good dietary practice. Conclusion: Proportion of Good dietary practice among patients with type 2 diabetes attending follow-up at West Shawa Public Hospitals was low. Patients’ household food insecurity status, Knowledge on Diabetes Mellitus, Self-efficacy, source of information on diabetic diet, complete dietary change after diagnosis of DM and gender was statistically significantly associated with dietary practice of type 2 DM patients. Comprehensive education about diabetes self-management particularly on dietary recommendation should be given by health profession