Abstract:
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is affecting numerous Ethiopian populations regardless
of environmental and social status. Dietary management is considered to be one of the
cornerstones of diabetes care as it is an important component of the overall treatment plan.
Choosing and relaying on healthy diet is important for everyone, especially for people with
diabetes.
Objective: This study aims to assess dietary practices and associated factors among type 2
diabetes patients in west Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia 2022.
Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study design was conducted among 421 study
participants. The study was conducted in West Shewa zone public hospitals. Systematically
selected type 2 diabetic patients who came for follow up during the study period were included
in the study. A structured and pre- tested interview questionnaire was used to collect the data.
The collected data was checked; coded and entered to epi data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS
version 23.0 for analysis. All variables with p-value <0.25 in bi-variable logistic regression
analysis was entered to multi-variable logistic regression to examine the statistical association
between the outcome variable and selected independent variables. p value <0.05 was used to
declare statistical significance. Results were presented using tables, figures and texts.
Result: In this study about 35.6% (95% CI (30.9-39.9) of type 2 diabetes patients had good
dietary practice. Good knowledge regarding Diabetes Mellitus (AOR9.2;95%CI 4.4-19.4), Food
secured household (AOR 3.3;95% CI 1.6- 6.9), high self-efficacy (AOR 6.6;95% CI 3.2-13.9),
information on diabetes diet from health professionals (AOR 2.9;95% CI 1.3-6.4), complete
dietary change (AOR=2.3;95%CI 1.1-4.8), female gender (AOR3.6;95% CI 1.6-8.1) are
independent predictors for good dietary practice.
Conclusion: Proportion of Good dietary practice among patients with type 2 diabetes attending
follow-up at West Shawa Public Hospitals was low. Patients’ household food insecurity status,
Knowledge on Diabetes Mellitus, Self-efficacy, source of information on diabetic diet, complete
dietary change after diagnosis of DM and gender was statistically significantly associated with
dietary practice of type 2 DM patients. Comprehensive education about diabetes self-management particularly on dietary recommendation should be given by health profession
