Exploring Sustainability Practices In The Warqe/Enset Food System: A Case Study From Walmara District To Finfinnee

Abstract

Despite being a staple crop for millions in southern, central, and southwestern Ethiopia, the sustainability of the Warqe/Enset production and marketing chain remains underexplored. This study assesses the sustainability performance of the Warqe/Enset food system along the production-to-market chain from Walmara District to Finfinnee, focusing on environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Using a probability proportional to sample size (PPS) approach, 391 respondents were selected based on Yamane’s formula. Primary data were collected through a structured survey with key sustainability indicators, supplemented by key informant interviews and researcher observations. Descriptive statistics and value chain mapping were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers face challenges such as limited access to soil fertility and water management support. Traditional methods like manure are common, but adoption of other sustainable practices is low. Economically, Warqe/Enset farming is moderately profitable, offering diverse income streams, though market access and dependence on local traders constrain income growth. Socially, while women and youth are involved in decision-making, access to financial, market, and technological opportunities remains limited. Key challenges at the farm level include climate change, financial constraints, market instability, and lack of modern technology. At the trader level, climate change threatens product availability, yet sustainability practices are minimal. The market is stable but stagnant, with traders burdened by transportation and storage costs. Institutional support is lacking, limiting economic progress. Social engagement is low, with most traders operating individually and reporting low participation in cooperatives or community initiatives. Transporters face environmental issues like poor infrastructure and weather disruptions, yet this awareness does not lead to transports’ action to support sustainability initiatives. High fuel and maintenance costs reduce profitability, and support systems are scarce. Though some acknowledge their role in supporting farmers, their social involvement is minimal. Overall, economic sustainability was rated most positively across all stages, followed by environmental sustainability. Social sustainability received the lowest ratings, especially regarding community participation. Correlation analysis showed that economic sustainability is positively associated with both environmental and social sustainability. However, while economic and environmental conditions improve together, social aspects lag behind, underscoring the need for greater inclusivity and community engagement in the Warqe/Enset value chain.