“Bacterial Profile, Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns And Associated Factors Of Neonatal Sepsis Among Clinically Diagnosed Neonates Admitted To Public Hospital, In Ambo Town, West Shoa, Oromia Ethiopia.

Abstract

Back ground: Neonatal sepsis one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Identifying the causative bacteria, determining their drug sensitivity patterns and associated factors are important for effective management of septicemic neonates. Objectives: This study aimed of to assess the bacterial profile, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and associated factors of neonatal sepsis among clinically diagnosed neonates in Ambo town. Method and Material: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Ambo public hospital with 210 clinically diagnosed neonatal sepsis from Feb 2024 to June 2024. Clinical and sociodemographic data was collected using structured tools. A 0.5ml to 1ml blood was collected and inoculated into a tryptone soya broth. By using standard bacteriological techniques isolation and identification of the bacteria carried out. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns determined following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data entered into Epi data version 3.1 SPSS version-26 was used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression used to identify significant risk factors. The strength of association was measured by odd ratio with 95% confidence intervals of P-value < 0.05 were statistically significant. Result: Among the 210 neonates, 81(38.6%) were culture positive. Of these, 57(46.3%) were gram-positive and 66(53.7%) were gram-negative. Staphylococcus aureus 32(26.02%) was the most common isolates followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 19(15.45%).Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin are effective for gram-positive. Multidrug resistance was displayed in 69(56.1%) of bacterial isolates. Neonates with low birth weight, prolonged rupture of membrane, antenatal care follow up, and a history of urinary tract infections were associated with neonatal sepsis ([AOR: 3.104, 95%CI=1.322, 7.284, P=0.009], [AOR: 4.255: 95%CI=1.576, 11.486, P=0.00], [AOR: 4.014, 95%CI 1.249, 12.905 P=0.02] and [AOR: 5.309; 95%CI =5.309, 16.208, P=0.00]) respectively. Conclusion and recommendation: The study revealed, high magnitude of culture confirmed bacterial sepsis and multidrug-resistant bacteria was recorded. Neonatal Birth weight, premature rupture of membranes, antenatal care follow-up, and mothers’ history of urinary tract infections was significantly associated with neonatal sepsis Effective management of neonatal sepsis requires monitoring antibiotic resistance and strengthening maternal care.