Abstract:
This research investigates the determinants of rural-to-urban migration decisions, focusing on Furi Sub-city in Oromia, Ethiopia. Rural-to-urban migration is a critical phenomenon in developing countries, contributing significantly to urban population growth while posing challenges for both urban and rural communities. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, incorporating primary data collected through structured questionnaires and secondary data from official reports and literature. A probit regression model is used to analyze the factors influencing migration decisions, including socio-economic variables such as age, sex, education, wage differentials, land size, distance from the origin, access to information, and political conditions. The findings highlight that economic factors, particularly urban-rural wage differentials, are the strongest drivers of migration. However, political instability in rural areas also plays a crucial role, pushing individuals to relocate to urban centers in search of stability and better opportunities. The study also sheds light on the consequences of this migration, including rising urban unemployment, pressure on urban infrastructure, and socio-economic disparities. In rural areas, the departure of working-age individuals exacerbates labor shortages and economic vulnerabilities. This research contributes to the broader understanding of migration dynamics in Ethiopia by identifying both the "push" factors in rural areas and the "pull" factors in urban settings. It underscores the need for policy interventions that address the root causes of migration, including rural development programs, job creation initiatives, and infrastructure improvements. By balancing development across regions, policymakers can mitigate the challenges of rapid urbanization while improving living standards in rural communities. The insights from this study provide valuable input for stakeholders aiming to promote sustainable urbanization and equitable socio-economic growth
