Determinants Of Diarrheal Disease Among Adult People Living With Hiv Attending Art Clinic In Bishoftu Public Health Facilities, East Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2024

Abstract

Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus infection, diarrhea is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. HIV is a retrovirus that kills activated CD4 cells, which play a major role in the regulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, this can result in infection with pathogenic infections, which often manifest when the CD4 cell count declines below 200 cells. The cause of diarrheal disease among people living with human immunodeficiency virus is complex, with common and atypical pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. Most of patients with Human immunodeficiency Virus shows diarrheal disease that contributes negatively to quality of life and compliance to antiretroviral therapy. Objective: This study aimed to identify determinants of diarrheal disease among adult’s people living with HIV attending ART clinic in Bishoftu town public health Facilities, East Shewa, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2024 Methods: Institutional based unmatched case control study was conducted among 330 participants (110 selected cases and 220 controls) from May to June 2024 in Bishoftu town public health facilities. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire adapted from relevant literatures. The data were coded, entered into Epi-Info version 7, and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for data analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were done and presented with texts, tables and figures. Binary logistic regression was applied to see the association between explanatory variables and outcome variables. In multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with respective 95% CI and p <0.05 was used to identify potential determinants of diarrheal diseases among adult peoples living with HIV/AIDS. Result: Among 330 participants, 110 cases and 220 controls were enrolled in study. Eating raw/uncooked vegetables and raw meat (AOR: 4.3, 95% CI; 1.08 - 5.54) and people living with HIV range of 6-10 years (AOR; 4.5, 95% CI; 2.29 – 9.42), CD4-count greater than 200cell/μ (AOR; 0.05, 95% CI; 0.01-0.35) and body mass index range of 18-24 kg/m2 (AOR; 0.02; 95% CI; 0.01 - 0.4) were found to be significantly as-sociated with diarrheal disease among people living with HIV. Conclusion: The CD4 count, previous history of diarrhea, eating raw/ uncooked vegetables and raw meat, body mass index, and duration of living with HIV were independent determinants of diarrhea among PLHIV.