Abstract:
Background: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practice- express all communities have use access,
protected, safe drinking water and disposal of human feces and urines with basic hand hygiene
practices in sustainable way. The promotion of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practices can
directly affect the number of morbidity and mortality like diarrhea resulted from poor practices
Objective: The aim was to assess prevalence of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practice and its
associated factors among households of Ambo district, West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2024
Method: Community based cross sectional study design was conducted among 590 households
of Ambo district from March 1-30/2024.Multi stage sampling technique was applied to select
participants. After reviewed relevant literature a pre tested an interviewer administered structured
questionnaire and observational checklist were adapted from similar studies for data collection.
Data was edited, coded and entered using Epi data version 3.1 and transport to Statistical
Package for Social Sciences window version 26 for analysis. A bivariable and multivariable
binary logistic regression was used to determine association. Odds Ratio along 95% Confidence
Interval was used to measure strength of association. P-values < 0.05statistically significant
Result: From overall response rate of 573(97.1%), 54.3 %( 311) (95%Cl:50.1-58.4%)households
had a good Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practices. Sex[AOR=2.23, 95%Cl (1.07, 4.65)],
marital status [AOR=3.48, 95%Cl (1.58,7.67)], age [AOR=2.31,95%Cl(1.24,4.31)],educational
status[AOR=2.96,95%Cl(1.57, 5.59)], knowledge status,[AOR=2.28,95%Cl (1.49, 3.48)],
presence of under-five [AOR=0.345,95%Cl (0.22, 0.54)],types of sanitation status
[AOR=5.53,95%Cl (3.51 ,8.7)] and women empowerment status[AOR=1.87,95%Cl (1.18,
2.97)] were factors associated to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practices
Conclusion and Recommendation: - The current finding of this study result was low. Sex,
marital status, age, educational status, knowledge status, presence of under-five, empowerment
status and sanitation status were associated factors. Home visit, Community Led Total Sanitation
and Hygiene, supporting lower groups, Health Education and Promotion, awareness creation and
community mobilizations and strengthen Health Development Armies the main recommended
