Incidence And Predictors Of Hypertension Among Diabetic Patients At Health Ceners In Addis Ababa 2024: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background: The close association between diabetes and hypertension has significant consequences for individuals' health and quality of life. Hypertension, which is largely symptomless, is a significant risk factor for various diseases, particularly in low and middle-income countries. In spite of its preventability, the incidence of hypertension among patients with diabetes is increasing globally. This is a critical issue that needs to be addressed by all concerned bodies. Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the incidence and predictors of hypertension among diabetic patients at selected health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A health facility based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 405 diabetes mellitus patients in health centers, Addis Ababa, 2024. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select individuals. A pre-tested structured data extraction tool was used to collect data from patient‟s chart using epicollect5. Data were exported to STATA V17 software and cleaned for analysis. Median was used to describe continuous variable. The Kaplan Meir curve along with log rank test was used to estimate and compare survival time. The cox hazard proportional model with p value <0.05 was used to declare significance of association. Assumption was checked using Schoenfeld residual test. Result: The proportion of hypertension among diabetes mellitus patients and the incidence density is 38.8% and 101.9 cases per 1000 person years respectively. The mean follow up period was 3.8 years with CI (3.4, 4.0). Age >50 [AHR=2.5 95%CI (1.7, 3.6)], Body mass index > 25 [AHR= 4.4 95%CI 1.5–12.20], Hemoglobin A1C [AHR= 1.9, 95%CI 1.18, 3.2] and duration of diabetes mellitus [AHR= 2.36 95%CI 1.63–3.43], and family history of hypertension [AHR= 1.6 95%CI 1.1–2.3], were predictors of incidence of hypertension among diabetic patients. Conclusion: High hypertension rates diabetic patients, with age >50 years, family history of hypertension, diabetes duration of >5 years, and body mass index >25 kg/m2 as predictors