“Magnitude of Periodontal disease and Its Associated Factors Among Women Attending Antenatal Care at Public Hospitals In Ambo Town, Ethiopia"

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic disease characterized by the inflammation of tissues that surround and support the teeth. Study conducted recently showed a higher (40%) prevalence of periodontal diseases among pregnant women. Periodontal disease has many different contributing factors, such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, educational status, nutritional status and etc, Consequence of periodontal disease includes tooth loss, which compromises chewing, aesthetics, self-confidence and quality of life. Moreover, large number of literatures has shown the relationship between maternal periodontal disease and complications associated with pregnancy.Besides there is a paucity of evidence regarding PD in the study area. Thus, magnitude estimates and risk factor identification for periodontal disease during pregnancy are paramount. Objective: To assess the magnitude and associated factors of periodontal disease among pregnant women at public hospitals in Ambo Town, West shoa, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 402 pregnant women at public hospitals in Ambo town, Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. Data was collected using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire and intraoral examination from January 15 –April 15, 2024. The data was entered into Epi-Data Manager 4.2 and then transferred to a statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to see the association between each factors and periodontal disease at a p-value of < 0.25. Finally, the significantly associated factors with periodontal disease were determined at a p-value of < 0.05 and CI of 95% (AOR). The result is presented using tables, figures and narratives. Results: A total of 402 women attending antenatal care with a 100% response rate were enrolled in this study. The periodontal disease was diagnosed among 169 (42%) of the total participants with 95% C.I of (37%, 47%). Among the assessed factors educational status was significantly associated with periodontal disease (AOR = 4.85, 95% CI = [1.44 -16.33], P-value = 0.011 ) Conclusion and recommendation: The magnitude of periodontal disease among the study participant was high. Periodontal diseases prevention mechanisms should be designed and employed for pregnant women specially for those with few years of schooling