Abstract:
Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are well known common morbidities that affect the general population and often coincide because there is substantial overlap between hypertension and diabetes in terms of etiology. They are the two most chronic disease which occur in one another due to some predictors they share with one another. The co-existence of hypertension in diabetes is attributed to the risk of death and cardiovascular events by 44% and 41% respectively as compared to 7% and 9% risk by diabetes alone. Therefore, it is necessary to identify determinant factors of hypertension among diabetic individual.
Objective: The main objective of this study was to identify determinants of hypertension among adult diabetic patients attending chronic follow up at public hospitals in Ambo town, West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2024.
Methods and Materials: Institutional based unmatched case control was conducted among 433 participants at public hospitals in Ambo town from February 5 to March 4, 2024. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select controls and consecutive sampling technique to obtain cases. The data were collected using the Kobo Tool box android application and exported to SPSS (statistical package for social science) version 25 for coding, cleaning and analysis. Binary logistic regression was fitted and those variables with P-value less than 0.25 was transferred to multivariable logistic regression, then variables with P-value less than 0.05 on multivariable analysis was declared as statistically significant. The model fitness was checked by Hosmer and Lemeshow test (chi-square = 4.913) with P-value = 0.767. Multi collinearity was checked by variance inflation factor (VIF) and no strong multi collinearity was identified.
Results: A total of 433 diabetic individual (148 cases and 285 controls) were included in this study and made the response rate 96%. Age >44 [AOR=4.73, 1.98-11.30], Long duration with DM [AOR=7.52, 3.61-15.70], high salt intake [AOR=1.91, 1.10-3.36] and BMI ≥25 [AOR=3.21, 1.61-6.39] were found to be determinants of hypertension among diabetes patients.
Conclusion: This study revealed that age >44, Long duration with DM, high salt intake and BMI ≥25 were found to be the determinants of hypertension among diabetes patients. Therefore, health education for diabetes patients at each follow-up visit on the importance of achieving optimal body weight, minimizing salt intake is advisable.
