“An Analysis Of Elder Council Dispute Resolution Mechanisms: Challenges And Prospects In Wolmera Woreda, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia”

Abstract

This research aims to identify and analyze the challenges and opportunities related to customary conflict resolution mechanisms in Wolmera Woreda. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a qualitative research approach. Primary and secondary data were collected through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, document analysis, and observations. Wolmera Woreda was selected using availability sampling, and participants such as elders, religious leaders, judges, experts, and Abba Gada were purposefully chosen for interviews and focus group discussions. The collected data were thematically organized and analyzed qualitatively. The findings of the study indicate that the local community does not immediately resort to Jaarsa Araraa (customary conflict resolution mechanism) for dispute resolution. Instead, they prefer going to the police or court directly. Moreover, the indigenous conflict resolution mechanism has lost its originality due to the weakening of the Gada system, declining trust in elder reconciliations, and lack of effective enforcement strategies for Jaarsummaa, and societal perception that modern conflict resolution signifies modernity. Furthermore, the study identifies challenges in modern conflict resolution in the area, including false witnesses, excessive government intervention, case delays, limited accessibility, and susceptibility to corruption. A comparative analysis of both mechanisms based on moral value, lasting peace, cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and evidence consideration reveals that indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms are more effective in bringing lasting peace. They are also more accessible, flexible, participatory, quick, cost-effective, and culturally relevant. However, the indigenous conflict resolution mechanism has not received sufficient attention in the study area. Based on these findings, the researcher recommends that the concerned stakeholders, particularly youth, elders, practitioners, and the government, place strong emphasis on preserving indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms and ensuring their transmission from one generation to another alongside modern approaches.