Abstract:
Background: The majority of precancerous lesion (88%) is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). More than 200 different genotypes of the virus exist, including the 14 high- risk strains. Nearly 500,000 cases of cervical cancer occur each year and 200,000 women die of the disease. The host immune responses readily clear human papillomavirus infections. However, factors like early age of the first sexual intercourse, having multiple sexual partners, history of sexually transmittable and more birth are among factors that increase precancerous lesion and the infection.
Objectives-The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of high-risk HPV, precancerous lesion and associated factors among women attending gynecology clinic of Ambo General Hospital
Methods and materials: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 247 women who came to get clinical service during the study period. The study subjects were selected through systematic random methods. The data was collected using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Cervical sample was collected using a sterile cervical brush and analyzed by Cobas Z 480 PCR machine. Precancerous lesion was screened by using visual inspection with acetic acid. Data from the interview and laboratory results were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to (SPSS) version 26 for analysis. All variables having a P-value of < 0.25 in binary logistic regression were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model to declare statistically significant at p value <0.05.
Result: The prevalence of high-risk human papilloma virus and precancerous lesion is 27.9 %( 95%CI=22.7-34) and 13.8% (95%CI=9.7-18.2) respectively. Other high risk HPV contributes the highest 14.2% (35/247) (95CI=11.7-16.7genotypic distribution followed by HPV 16, 8.9% (22/247) (95CI=7.3-10.5) and HPV18, 4.8% (12/247) (95CI=3.9, 5.7). Occupation (AOR=3.253,CI=1.293,8.81),Having history of STI (AOR=45.05 CI=5.246, 387.04), number of birth (AOR=2.193CI=1.169.4.116) ,age at which first sex started (AOR=2.447 CI=1.171,5.114) and having unsafe sex (AOR=3.33CI=1.64,6.78) were significantly associated to high risk HPV infection. Comparability `having history of STI (AOR=20.36 CI=3.243, 127.833), age at which first sex started (AOR=3.036CI=1.280, 7.198) and having more than one sex partners (AOR=2.841CI=1.144, 7.057) were associated to precancerous lesion. Majority of women with precancerous lesion 88.27 %( 30/34) have High-risk HPV infections.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that high risk HPV infection and precancerous lesion are important public health problem. Therefore, increasing diagnostic method as easily assessable, creating awareness on the associated factors, strengthening cervical cancer screening and thinking over the vaccine to include all other high risk HPV are the stalemate of this study
