Determinants Of Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Among Tuberculosis Patients Attending Treatment In Tulu Bolo General Hospital, South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2024: Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis is growing more common and widespread over the world. Several initiatives have been created and implemented to address the problem; however, it remains a major public health issue and threat to health security, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Ranges of research are needed to determine the factors that contribute to multidrug resistant tuberculosis development. Objective: The aim of the study was to identify determinants of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis among TB patients at Tulu Bolo General Hospital, South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from February 1 to 30, 2023. Two hundred and five study participants (68 cases and 137 controls), were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through from medical charts and logbook abstraction, then entered into Epidata-3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results were reported using descriptive and analytical statistics. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify determinants of MDR-TB, with statistical significance defined by the confidence interval. Finally, the results were presented text, tables, and figures. Results: The study included 198 participants, (137 controls and 61) in the analysis. The findings shows that previous history of TB treatment outcomes relapse adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.01; 95% (CI) 1.04, 15.53] and being defaulters [AOR = 5.22; 95% CI 1.59, 17.10]), residing in rural areas [AOR = 2.686; 95% CI 1.13, 6.38], and past smoking of cigarettes [AOR = 3.327; 95% CI 1.224, 9.043] were found to be significantly associated with MDR-TB. Conclusion and recommendation: Based on the research findings, residing in rural areas, smoking cigarettes, and having a history of previous TB treatment outcomes (specifically relapse and defaulters) were identified as factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). To reduce the prevalence of MDR-TB, it is recommended to implement enhance health education initiatives, and conduct comprehensive, management, and counseling for tuberculosis patients. These measures are essential for effective control and prevention of MDR-TB