Abstract:
Malaria is one of the most serious health problems facing the world today. It is caused by infection with parasitic protozoa belonging to the genus Plasmodium. A retrospective study design was aim to employed for the malaria trend analysis from 2019-2023 and a cross-sectional study aim to investigate the trend of malaria prevalence with respect to the associated risk was undertaken in Nono district.
Secondary data of malaria prevalence were collected using Registration book in the health centers. Data of the factors associated with malaria prevalence were obtained from health professionals and household heads of the sample population. The data were validated, coded and displayed on Excel 2016 spreadsheet.
The results of the retrospective study revealed that a total of 42755 were microscopically RDT confirmed for the presence of Plasmodium parasites. The highest number of malaria cases 4112 (9.61%) was recorded in 2020 and the lowest number 491 (1.15%) in 2022. The highest proportions of cases were recorded in Jiru Gamachu health center which accounts 9227 that covers 21.58% of the total.
From 2019-2023 years, Plasmodium falciparum 9862 (23.06%) and Plasmodium vivax 1408 (3.29%), were the two principal plasmodium species causes malaria infections in the study area and mixed was the third by 119 (0.28%).
The highest prevalence of malaria was in the age group of >= 15 (Greater than or equal to fifteen) with 4880 (11.41%) from 2019-2023 years in this study. The next high prevalence of malaria was age group of 5-14 (Five up to Fourteen) which accounts 3318 (7.76%). The less prevalence of malaria was related to the patients age groups of < 5 (Less than five) which accounts 2991 (6.99%). In cross-sectional study a total of 129484 Individuals belonging to the 324 randomly, selected HHs in the four health centers participated for factors associated with malaria prevalence and associated risk factors.
As a general, the study conducted was the malaria prevalence based on the experiment result obtained shows the malaria prevalence was decreased in all three types from 2019-2023. But, plasmodium falciparum was the most prominent malaria that causing series infection in Nono district and any concerned body could be informed in to prevent its prevalence accordingly
