Toxicity Study On The Impact Of Chemical Pesticides On Honeybees (Apis Mellifers) And The Assessment Of Beekeeping Practice In Arsi Sire Distric, Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

In Ethiopia, honeybees (Apis mellifera) are the most important to produce diverse products and improve crops yields through pollination. However, the uses of pesticides against insect pests, weeds and fungi have dangerous effects on these beneficial insects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of selected chemical pesticides on honey bees (A. mellifera) and to assess beekeeping practice in Arsi Sire District of Oromia region. The study was conducted by using survey and experimental test methods. The survey was conducted in the district mainly to assess the impact of pesticides on honey bees, beekeepers knowledge about the impact of pesticides on honey bees and care taken to honey bees while spaying pesticides on crop plants. It was conducted in three kebeles and 137 beekeepers were interviewed by using structured questioners. The results revealed that about (87.59%) beekeepers were aware of the side effects of pesticides on honeybees and they believed that pesticides were the most harm full substance on honey bee colonies in their area. Even though, the majority of the respondents knew the effects of pesticides on honey bees, only (22.63%) of the respondents farmers protected their bee colonies from pesticides poisoning. Experimental test was conducted by spraying chemical pesticides used by local farmers on honey bees in Petri-dishes containing filter paper. The pesticides used in the district like 2,4-D Amine salt, Topik 080 EC, karate 5%EC, Dimethoate 40% EC and Mancozeb were selected to test the toxicity on honey bees at recommended concentration by manufacturer. All the tested pesticides were found to be toxic to honeybees and caused mortality within 48 hr after spraying. The toxicity of 2,4-D Amine salt and Mancozeb to honey bee was low as compared to other experimental groups. The pesticides toxicity was confirmed by comparing the result of experimental group with control group at different time by using ANOVA from SPSS version 20. The results showed that significant differences of bee mortality were recorded among pesticides and control at different time. Therefore, it’s better to improve beekeeping system through providing a practical training to local beekeeper, DAs, and District agricultural experts about the effects of pesticides and cares that should be taken to honey bees while working with pesticides.