Determinants Of Non Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living With Human Immune Deficiency Virus At Ambo Town Public Health Facilities, West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2024

Abstract

Background: World health organization defined adherence as the extent to which a person‘s behavior taking medications, following a diet, or executing lifestyle changes correspond with agree recommendations from the health care provider. The consequence of non-adherence is waste of medication, disease progression, reduced functional abilities, and lower quality of life increased. Though adherence of ART has been targeted and working toward 95%, it is far below the target which implies that many of the patients are non-adherent. Therefore, assessing determinants of antiretroviral treatment non-adherence among people living with HIV is very important to improve the problem this antiretroviral treatment non adherence. Objective: The aims of this study to identify determinants of non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment among people living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus at at public health facilities Ambo town, West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia; 2024. Methods: Facility based unmatched case–control study design was conducted among randomly sampling people living with HIV (94 cases and 188 controls) at Ambo town public health facilities from January 01 to February 30, 2024. After reviewing relevant literatures structured checklist was adapted and used for data collection. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi-data version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 26.0 for data analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify determinants of ART non adherence. Variables with p-value less than 0.25 was selected as a candidate for multivariable logistic regression and a cut of point at p-value less than 0.05 were used to declare predictors for non-adherence of antiretroviral therapy. Results: A total of 282 anti-retroviral treatment followers were fully responded to the study giving a response rate of 100%. The study identified being in single marital status ((AOR=0.17, 95%CI: (0.04-0.64), Stage IV of WHO clinical stage (AOR=25.29, 95%CI: (2.53-253.3), history of taking anti-TB medication (AOR=0.12; 95% CI: (0.03-0.4) and being knowing the side effect of not taking medicine (AOR=0.19; 95%CI(0.05-0.69) were the determinants of non-adherence of antiretroviral therapy. iii Conclusion: Base line WHO staging, history of taking anti TB, sharing information with spouse and family, marital status were identified as determinants of ART non adherence. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were forwarded to each responsible stakeholder (health care professional and health care organizations).