Ten Year Trend Analysis Of Malaria Prevalence And Current Assess Of Anopheles Mosquito In Aseko Special District, Central Ethiopia

Abstract

Malaria is a disease caused by malaria parasite species of Plasmodium and is transmitted by females Anopheles mosquitoes. It is one of the leading causes of illness and death in the world and public health problem in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to analysis ten year the prevalence of malaria among patients who attend Aseko Health Center from 2013 to 2022 and assess the current abundance of Anopheles mosquito in Aseko district, Central Ethiopia. Out of blood films examined for malaria in Aseko health center, 5312 (30%) microscopically confirmed malaria cases were reported in the study area. A total of 316 adults mosquitoes collected from rural areas of study sites, Out of which 232(73.42%) were Anopheles arabiensis and 84(26.58%) were Anopheles funestus. The spearman's correlation of the abundance of adult mosquitoes and the meteorological parameters showed that there was a very strong correlation and non-significant relationship between Anopheles abundance with relative humidity (-0.4) and precipitation (0.28), while its relationship with temperature was a very strong positive correlation but not statistically significant, and it was strong negative correlation with wind speed. The data also showed out of 5312 total population, 3469(65.3%) males were infected with malaria than 1843(34.7%) females with the prevalence rate 34% and 24.6% respectively, which was one of the wide ranges between the sex groups. The presence of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus potential vectors throughout the year should warrants the top priority of breeding habitat management. In study area ten year prevalence of malaria was 30% and in relation to the type of species that infected the population, P. falciparum was the dominant parasite with prevalence of 3396(63.9%) followed by P.vivax with prevalence of 1659(31%) with least species with prevalence rate 257(4.8%). Anopheles arabiensis was the principal vector of malaria in the region, while Anopheles funestus were the second most abundant species.