Prevalence Of Diabetic Kidney Disease And Associated Factors Among Diabetic Patients On Follow Up At Ambo University Referral Hospital Medical Referral Clinic, West Shoa, Ethiopia, 2024 G.C

Abstract

Background: Diabetic kidney disease is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in 20–40% of patients with diabetes and is associated with significant additional health expenditure. Despite the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus there is inadequate data regarding prevalence of diabetic kidney disease and its associated factors in West Shoa, Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease and associated factors among type-1 and type-2 diabetic patients on follow at Ambo university referral hospital medical referral clinic during a period of 06months (from August 7, 2023 G.C to February 8, 2024 G.C). Method: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted among type 1- and type-2 diabetic patients on follow up at Ambo university referral hospital. A total of 130 participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by interviewer administered questionnaire. Serum creatinine and albuminuria were determined twice, on two different occasions, each 03months apart. The data collected was entered into computer and analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 26. Means, standard deviations and percentages were computed and simple binary logistic regression model was used to calculate odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess various variable relationships. A P value of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Result: The prevalence of diabetic kidney disease was found to be 9.2% (95% CI: 9.15% - 9.24%). Of all the participants, 6(4.65%) had reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR <60 ml/min/2.73m2) and 8(6.2%) had albuminuria (+1 or above).Those who were not taking statin (AOR: 10.502, 95% CI: 2.238 49.285)had higher chance while never smokers(AOR: 0.027, 95% CI: 0.002-0.325) and those without metabolic syndrome (AOR: 0.028, 95% CI: 0.002-0.429) had lower chance of diabetic kidney disease. Conclusion: The study showed that the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease is lower than previous studies. It also showed that use of statin, having no history of smoking and absence metabolic syndrome decreases the likelihood of developing diabetic kidney disease among diabetic patients