Survival And Predictors Of Mortality Among Trauma Patients With Road Traffic Accident Admitted To Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency And Trauma Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: Road traffic accidents are being the critical public health problem that causes disabilities and death in Ethiopia which could need due investigations. Though the magnitude of road traffic accidents has been attempted to be documented so far, yet there is a lack of information on the survival status of these patients. Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess survival and predictors of mortality among trauma patients with road traffic accident admitted to Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency and Trauma hospital, 2023 Methods: This was a retrospective follow up study that took place from 2019 to 2022 on 403 patients who suffered road traffic accidents in Addis Ababa burn, emergency and trauma (AaBET) hospital. A sample size of 403 victims’ cards those selected randomly using simple random sampling technique were retrieved for this study. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve used to estimate time to occurrence of death. Cox’s proportional hazard model was used to determine the relationship between independent variables and the outcome variable (time to death). The p-value < 0.05 considered as the threshold of statistical significance and 95% CI for adjusted hazard ratio was used to measure the association between independent and outcome variables. Results: During the follow-up period of the study 68 (16.87%) of Admitted RTA patients were died giving incidence rate of 18.6/1000 person days and median survival time was 1 day. The results obtained from the final Cox regression model indicates admission to ICU (AHR=4.99; 95% CI: 2.52, 9.88), loss of consciousness (AHR=4.56; 95% CI: 2.27, 9.16), those patients who need resuscitation (AHR=10.48; 95% CI: 4.6, 23.85), developed complications (AHR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.97) and occurrence of hospital acquired infection (AHR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.97) were predictors of mortality Conclusion: The incidence of mortality among road traffic victims admitted to Addis Ababa burn, emergency and trauma (AaBET) hospital was 18.6/ 1000 person days and the median survival time after admission was 1 day. Road traffic accident victims who were; being admitted to intensive care unit, had hospital acquired infection, developed complications, and patients with history of loss of consciousness should be given special attentions.