Abstract:
Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental human right that is critical to overall health and
wellbeing. However, it is unfortunate that around 900 million people in the world still do not
have access to safe drinking water, with sub-Saharan Africa accounting for over one-third of this
number. Moreover, contaminated water is responsible for about 80% of all illnesses globally. To
address this issue, a longitudinal study was conducted from August 2022 to February 2023 in the
villages of Dandi woredas (districts) in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Researchers collected
water samples once a month for three consecutive months, during both the wet and dry seasons,
from various sources such as protected and unprotected wells, springs, and streams. The goal
was to investigate the microbial load of Faecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) and various
physicochemical parameters that affect water quality. The study found that all 132 drinking
water samples showed contamination with Escherichia coli, which is a cause for concern.
However, the good news is that nitrate and nitrite concentrations in all samples were below the
permitted levels for drinking water use according to WHO and ESA guidelines. The study also
revealed that 82% of water sources were categorized as intermediate or high risk based on
WHO criteria. To ensure that people have access to safe drinking water, it is crucial to act based
on the study's findings. bacteriological analyses, and the implementation of well-constructed
drainage channels and trunks can help protect drinking water sources from contamination. By
taking these steps, we can work towards improving access to safe drinking water for everyone,
which is essential for a healthier and more prosperous world.
