Determinats Of Birth Asphxia Among Neonates Delivered In South West Shewa Zone Hospitals; Oromia Region; Ethiopia

Abstract

Background; Birth asphyxia is one of the major leading causes of neonatal death globally. It is the 3rd leading cause of under 5 child death [11%], following pneumonia [15%], preterm [17%] Objective; the aim of this study is to identify the determinants of birth asphyxias among neonate delivered in South West Shewa Hospitals Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods; Hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted among neonate delivered at hospital of South West Shewa Zone from September 1/2022 to November 1/2022. The total estimated sample size was 210(70 cases and 140 controls) collected from six hospitals. The cases were selected from all asphyxiated delivered neonate then two corresponding controls immediately selected consecutively after each case. Data were collected using structured questioners through face to face interview and from record reviews. Then data cleaned, coded and entered to epi info version 7, then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Binary logistic regressions were fitted to identify association between birth asphyxias and each independent variable. The variable those P- values less than 0.25 were taken to multiple logistic regressions to identify association between independent and outcome variables and adjust confounding factors. Then lastly statistical significance declared at AOR of 95%CI and P value < 0.05. Results; A totals 210 (70 cases and 140 controls) mothers were participated in the study with response rate of 100%. The mean age of study participants’ of cases and controls were 27 with (SD ±7.3) and 27.1 with (SD ±5.4) years, respectively. Meconium stained amniotic fluid [AOR=1.9; 95%CI (1.02-3.6)], Hypertension [AOR=5.8(2.65–13.63), Instrumental delivery [AOR=5.71; 95%CI 1.56-13.2], post term [AOR=9.68 95CI 1.87–26.99], induction/augmentation [AOR=3.09; 95%CI 1.06 – 8.94 and non cephalic presentation [AOR=1.68; 95%CI 0.24-7.55] were significantly associated with birth asphyxias. Conclusion& recommendation: this study showed that meconium stained amniotic fluid, hypertension, instrumental delivery, post term, induction or augmentation and non cephalic presentation were the determinants of birth asphyxias. Therefore this study suggests improve obstetric care by early detection and intervention for a high risk of women is needed, administering utrotonic drug per protocol and follow fetal condition during labor and delivery with parthography to minimize birth asphyxias