Anti-Bacterial Activities Of Wild Mushroom From Ambo University's Main Campus

Abstract

Only few studies on the abundance and therapeutic use of wild mushrooms in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to investigate the abundance and evaluate the antibacterial activities of metabolites produced from some wild mushrooms collected from the mixed forest (natural and plantation) of the main campus of Ambo University. The wild mushrooms were collected from the study site during July to September 2021. Macro and micro morphological characterization of the collected wild mushroom were done based on the literature. Mycelia culture of the wild mushroom was performed on different mycological media. The metabolites produced by different wild mushroom cultured were executed by using different solvents. The flavonoids and phenol contents were analyzed following the standard procedure. The antibacterial properties of the different metabolite extracted from the wild mushroom were carried out by well diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The data collected in this study were analyzed by using one way analysis of variance using SPSS software version 25. The primary host types that the wild mushrooms investigated in this study were grasslands, dead wood and living trees. Over all 32 mushroom specimens were collected from the main campus of Ambo university, representing different families, 1 species from Bolteus, 9 species unidentified, 5 species from Russella, 7 species from Agaricus, 9 species from Amanitaceae, and 3 species were wood ear. From the different mycological media tested for the growth of the wild mushroom PDA, sabour dextrose and Malt extract agar stimulated more growth than with an average growth of 7.8±0.32cm on PDA and 6.5±0.43mm on sabourd by wild mushroom isolate Au21, Whereas, while wild mushroom isolate Au3 showed minimal growth on CDA and on YEA with a length of 1.5± 0.08cm and 1.8 ±0.03 cm, respectively. In the broth culture AU21 produced highest mycelia biomass 3±0.23 per 100ml of followed by Au 29 in the malt extract broth 2.8±1.25 and 2.7±0.22 in potato dextrose broth while the least vegetative growth was observed from Au 3 on PDB 1.2 ±1.1 per 100ml of the medium. Highest concentration of metabolite were extracted by distilled water and hot water from Au 29 and Au 21, 1±0.17and 1.0 ±0.14 respectively and the lowest from Au 3 0.63±0.05 in hot water followed in the distilled water. Using sphectrp photo meter.The maximum flavionoid content was extracted by distilled water from the wild mushroom isolate Au, 21 which its OD value ( 0.69) and the least flavinoid content was extracted from Au3, by methanol which its OD was 0.014. The highest phenolic content of the mycelia biomass was observed from the wild mushroom isolate Au, 21 which was exracted by distilled water and its OD value 0.691, and the least phenolic content was extracted from wild mushroom isolate AU 3, and its OD value was 0.016. both phenolic and flavonoid content was measured using sphectro phototmeter and compared based on their concentration in spectrophotometer. The different human pathogenic bacteria evaluated were differently impacted by the various antibacterial activities of the various metabolites isolated from the different wild mushrooms. The intermediate antimicrobial activities were recorded against E.coli by hot water from from AU66 against Staphylococcus aureus from Au 66 against P.aeroginosa from from AU21 by distilled water. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed against S.aureus by ethanol extract from wild mushroom AU66, followed by ethylacetate from AU21.K.pneumoniae demonstrated complete resistance to all of the metabolites tested from the various wild mushrooms extracted by different solvents. Finally, the findings of this study revealed the presence of diversified wild mushrooms in the mixed forest stand on the Ambo University main campus, and the majority of which were successfully grown vegetative on various mycological media tested and were able to produce various metabolites that were successfully extracted using various solvents and also demonstrated antimicrobial activities. As a result, research into wild mushrooms is necessary to preserve the genetic diversity of mushrooms and to develop a variety of bioactive compounds from this group of organisms.