Determinants Of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Adult Diabetic Patients Attending West Shoa Public Hospitals, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: A diabetic foot ulcer is a non-traumatic lesion of the skin (partial or full thickness) on the foot of a person who has diabetes mellitus. Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the most feared and common complications of diabetes. Foot ulcers are a major cause of disability, morbidity, and mortality among diabetic patients, and it has been estimated that 15% of all people with diabetes will have an ulcer at some stage of their life. Objective: To assess determinants of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic patients attending the chronic disease follow up in west shoa Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia 2022 Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case control study was conducted in public hospitals found in the West Shoa. The final sample size was 189 (63 cases and 126 controls). Controls had been selected from patients with diabetes without diabetic foot ulcers using a systematic random sampling technique, an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and recorded review was used to collect data from the cases and controls. Data were checked, coded, and entered into Epi-Data version 4.2.2.2 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. The binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between the dependent and independent variables. All variables with a p-value < 0. 25 had been included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis to avoid confounding factors. Statistical significance was declared at p- valued < 0. 05 Results: In this study, among the 63 diabetic patients with foot ulcer and 126 diabetic patients without foot ulcer, 35 (55.6%) in cases and 70 (55.6%) in controls were males. Drinking alcohol {AOR: 3.5, 95% C.I 1.40 – 8.76}, not doing regular physical exercise, {AOR: 2.76, 95%C. I: 1.97-6.40}, foot deformity {AOR: 8.55, 95%C.I. {3.40 - 21.46} Peripheral neuropathy {AOR:7.29, 95%CI,2.95 – 17.55}, walking bare foot {AOR 4.69, 95%C. I: 1.02 – 21.43} was positively associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Conclusion and Recommendations: Risk of Developing Diabetic foot ulcer is associated with drinking alcohol, not doing regular physical exercise, foot deformity. Peripheral neuropathy, walking bare foot. It will be helpful if diabetic patients do regular physical exercises and wear well fit shoes.