Phytochemical Investigation and Determination of Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Extract of kalanchoe pinnata (Endawla)

Abstract

Traditional medicinal plant practice is important part of health care. Kalanchoe pinnata is one of the medicinal plants that traditional practice in Ethiopia. Phytochemicals are the medicinally active compounds found in plants parts such as, roots, barks, stems, leafs flowers and seed. The phytochemicals were separated from the plant material by cold maceration extraction techniques. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and to test the presence of phytochemicals in methanol crude extracts ,chloroform crude extract and n-hexane crude extracts of the leaf of kalanchoe pinnata and also characterized HNMR,13CNMR &dept 135.Theantibacterial activities of methanol extracts, chloroform crude extract and n-hexane crude extracts of kalanchoe pinnatawere carried out by agar diffusion assay technique against gram negative and gram positive bacterial strain of kalanchoe pinnata leaf. Crude extracts of plants showed activity against the bacterial test microorganisms. The methanolic crude extracts, n-hexane crude extracts chloroform crude extracted plants revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins glycosides, terpenoids and quinines. The crude extract of kalanchoe pinnata leaf extracted was isolated by using of n-hexane, chloroform and methanol solvents. The crude extracts were investigated for antibacterial screening by agar well diffusion method against three Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aeurginosa and Escherichia coli); one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Antibacterial activity of each crude extract was tested. Methanol extract of kalanchoe pinnata has great potency against antibacterial activity than n-hexane and chloroform extracts and methanol extract have good inhibition zone relative to ciproflaxin positive control. Phytochemical analysis was determined for each crude extract. Its n-hexane and methanol extracts were found to contain alkaloid, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, terpenoids and quinines but absence of saponins. Its chloroform extracts were terpinoids, glycocides and quinines but the absent of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and phenols. All extracts contain glycosides, quinine and terpenoids.It was isolated the chemical constituent present in the kalanchoe pinnata using chromatographic techniques and the methanol extract was further extracted using column chromatographic technic and characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as IR and NMR spectroscopy.