Causes And Effects Of Rural To Urban Migration: The Case Of Holeta Town Administration, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract

The main objective of the study is to examine the relationship between the causes and effects of RuralUrban Migration in the case of Holeta Town. Descriptive research design and mixed approach were employed. To achieve the objective of the study 144 migrants were selected who are working in 3(three) kebeles of Holeta Town. Both primary and secondary data were collected and were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively by using SPSS version 21. Structured questionnaires were used on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of migrants. Descriptive statistics such as table, figure and pie chart in order to describe the respondent’s socio demographics characteristics was used. Association and correlation tests were used as an inferential statistics to examine the relationship between cause and effects of the variables. The result of the study indicates that majority of the migrants were adults and matured people with age range of 18-36 years (54.2%) and male in terms of gender; with certificate and diploma educational background (56.5%); and single (46.5%); the causes of migration are: opportunity of education (29.86%), environmental factors (26.39%), political factors (25%), and economic factors (18.75%); the consequences of migration are: demographic (49.31%), social (28.47%), and economic (22.22%) impacts. It also indicated that male are more affected by demographic (25%), social (14.58%), and economic (11.80%) consequences of migration as compared to female; where that of females is demographic (24.3%), social (13.89%), and economic (10.42%) consequences. Correlation and chi square test results showed that there is association (relationship) and correlation between the causes and effect (consequences) of migration at 5% level of significance. There is no clear policy direction addressing the migration of citizens from rural to urban, and focusing on minimizing the migration from rural to urban areas of the country