An Electrochemical Detection of Lead and Copper Metals Using Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Ag-Cdo/Polyaniline Nanocomposite

Abstract

This research work aimed to develop the cost effective, sensitive, precise and adequate techniques equipped with glassy carbon electrode modified with nanocomposite(NCs) for the electrochemical detection of Pb2+ and Cu2+ions. Cadmium oxide based NCs were prepared by a sol-gel method using metal precursor cadmium acetate dihydrateas stabilizing agent.The NCs was kept in desiccators at room temperature for further surface characterization and EC tests.The Ag-CdO/PANI NCs were prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerisation of aniline with Ag doped CdO nanoparticles in an aqueous solution of ammonium per sulfate (APS).The synthesized NCs were subjected for spectroscopic and structural characterization using FTIR, SEM and XRD respectively. From the FT-IR spectrum, it is strongly confirmed that the nanoparticles are well incorporated into the PANI molecular chain and in-situ polymerization was successful during surface modification of Ag-doped CdO nanoparticles with PANI. The maximum diffraction peak for PANI was observed around 2θ = 25.1° which can be ascribed to periodically parallel and perpendicular polymer chains. The XRD pattern of nanocomposite was observed at 2θ = 25.0°, 27.0°, 28.0°, 35.1° and 37.5° describe that, the pattern represent the cubic structure of CdO NPs, Ag-CdO and PANI That the sizes NPs of CdO were about (17.44nm) using from the most intense XRD peak. Nanocomposites show high electrical conductivity compared to pure PANI. The conductivity of nanocomposites increases with increasing of CdO content because of the new conductivity passageways formed by embedded nanoparticles of CdO. Electrochemical characterization was carried out by cyclic voltammetry in potassium chloride solutions. The nanocomposite modified GCE in particular Ag-CdO/PANI was successfully applied for electrochemical detection of Cu2+ and Pb2+ using cyclic voltammetry method. Among the GCE surface modified with nanocomposites, Ag CdO/P/G/Pb2+exhibited the largest anodic and cathodic currents among the surface modified GCE for electrochemical detection of copper and lead heavy metals (Ipc,-0.046 mA and Ipa, 0.039 mA).