“Determinants of Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis patients in Bako Tibe District, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia,

Abstract

Tuberculosis is a communicable disease that is a major cause of ill health, one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. In 2019, about 10 million people developed TB and 1.4 million died. Tuberculosis is strongly influenced by environmental, host related, and comorbidity related factors. Currently, Ethiopia is ranked eighth among the 22 high TB burden countries in the world and at rank three, in Africa. The study aimed to fill the gaps of updated evidence at the study area regarding determinants of tuberculosis. Objective: -This study was aimed to identify determinants of Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis patients in Bako Tibe District, West Shewa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods:-Community-based unmatched case-control study design was used to identify determinants of Tuberculosis in Bako Tibe District. To identify 95 cases of Tuberculosis patients who were on treatment, survey was conducted in the 32 Kebeles of study area. A 1:2 case to control ratio was used; Data was collected by trained 3 BSc. Nurses and 3 public health officers using Interviewer administered questionnaire. Epi Info version 7.2.1.0 software was used to enter data, and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Independent variables with p-value <= 0.25 by bivariate results were entered into a multivariable analysis to control the potential confounding variables and significant was declared at p-value <0.05. Result 93 cases and 186 controls responded (97.9%) response rate. Factors significantly associated with TB were found to be age with age category of 35-44 (AOR=0.164, 95% CI: 0.036-0.757) and 44-54 (AOR=0.079, 95% CI: 0.015-0.412), educational status (AOR=0.208, 95%CI: 0.051-0.855), place of residence (AOR=3.583, 95% CI:1.415-9.074), meal frequency (AOR=14.356, 95%CI: 4.865-42.361), History of TB contacts (AOR= 0.406, 95% CI; 0.195-0.846) and Occupational status (AOR=0.246, 95%CI: 0.068-0.891). Conclusion & Recommendation Age of respondents in the category of 35-44 and 45-54 years, educational status, place of residence, history of contact with TB, meal frequency and occupation of respondents‟, were the major determinants of TB. To halt determinants of TB and achieve targets of End TB at 2025, Bako Tibe District Health Office and vertical and horizontal stakeholders should work jointly.