Abstract:
Background: Stroke is a non-communicable disease which brings sudden global or focal
neurological disturbance. It is one of the major public causes of morbidity and mortality in
low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Early identification of determinants
and prompt intervention remains vital in reducing morbidity and mortality from stroke.
Objective: This study aimed to identify the determinants of stroke among adult
hypertensive patients on follow up in Addis Ababa public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2021.
Methods: Hospital based unmatched case-control study design was conducted among 326
study participants in Addis Ababa public hospitals from September 1 to 30, 2021. Six
hospital were selected for the study by using lottery method. The cases were adult
hypertensive patients who developed a stroke and the controls were adult hypertensive
patients. The study participants were selected by consecutive sampling technique. Pretested
structured interviewers assisted questionnaire and checklist were used to collect data. Data
were collected by trained nurses. Data was entered into Epi data version 3.1; exported and
analyzed by SPSS version 23. All independent variables with p-value < 0.25 in the bi variable logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression
analysis. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI and a p-value of <0.05 was used to identify
determinants of the stroke
Result: A total of 109 cases and 217 controls were included in the study. Current smokers
(AOR = 5.55, 95% CI: 2.48-12.43), current alcohol drinkers (AOR = 4.27, 95% CI: 1.94-
9.38), medication non-adherence (AOR= 3.23, 95% CI: 1.62-6.44), uncontrolled systolic
blood pressure (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.64-7.16), uncontrolled diastolic blood pressure
(AOR = 4.29, 95% CI: 2.06-8.93), high low density lipoprotein (AOR = 6.89, 95% CI:
3.57-13.35), and diabetic mellitus (AOR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.58-6.69) were found to be
determinants of stroke.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, medication
non-adherence, uncontrolled systolic blood pressure, uncontrolled diastolic blood pressure,
high low-density lipoprotein, and diabetic mellitus were found to be determinants of stroke.
Health education on lifestyle modification and hypertension-related consequences at each
follow-up are very essential.
