Determinants Of Pre-Cervical Cancer Among Women Aged 30-49 Years Screened For Cervical Cancer At Health Facilities In Woliso Town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: Pre-cervical cancers are changes to cervical cells that make them more likely to develop into cancer. Cervical cancer is a potentially preventable and also curable health problem at pre cancer stage. Review of documents and administrative reports show that pre cervical cancer is among the major health problems of women in the area. Hence, the aim of this study is to fill gaps in study topic by identifying determinants of pre cervical cancer among women aged 30-49 years in the study area. Objective: To identify determinants of pre cervical cancer among women aged 30-49 years screened for cervical cancer at health facilities in Woliso Town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022 Methods: Facility based unmatched case-control study design was conducted at health facilities in Woliso town, from December 1, 2021 to January 10, 2022. A total of 480 documents of study participants (120 cases and 360 controls) were included in the study. Simple random sampling method was used to select documents of study participants for both cases and controls. Data extraction checklist was used to collect necessary information about women from the register and history card. Data analysis was done using binary logistic regression model. 95% confidence intervals (CI) with adjusted odds ratios computed to identify the presence and strength of association. Statistical significance declared at p-value < 0.05 along with 95% CI of the adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Results: Being rural resident (AOR=2.44, 95%CI: 1.55, 3.85), age of menarche at ≤ 12 years (AOR=2.83, 95%CI:1.25,6.39), use of oral contraceptive pills (AOR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.03, 3.25), having history of genital ulcer (AOR=3.86, 95%CI: 1.12, 13.31), being HIV positive (AOR=2.55, 95%CI: 1.34, 4.88) and having family history of cancer (AOR=3.87, 95%CI: 1.47, 10.21) were variables that were significantly associated with pre-cervical cancer. Conclusion: Being rural resident, age of menarche at ≤ 12 years, use of oral contraceptive pills, having history of genital ulcer, being HIV positive and having family history of cancer were determinants of pre-cervical cancer among women aged 30-49 years in Woliso Town.